10 Historical Moments That Changed Madrid

As time is precious, I will briefly summarise the ten historical moments that changed Madrid.

Understanding the history of the city you plan to visit can be very useful in getting to know the place and its people. Unfortunately, most history books and travel guides are long and tedious. But I’ll cut to the chase and give you the essential details.

Historical Moments That Changed Madrid

In 865, the emir Muhammad I ordered the construction of a fortress on the banks of the Manzanares River. He would call it Mayrit (“land rich in water”), later known as Magerit.
In 1561, Philip II moved the court’s seat from Toledo to Madrid, establishing it as the first permanent capital of the Spanish monarchy. A period of rapid urban growth and cultural splendour begins.
In 1700, the Royal House of the Bourbons, still reigning in Spain, was established. Carlos III’s reign in Madrid saw the construction of major landmarks such as the Cibeles and Neptune fountains, Puerta de Alcalá, the Botanical Garden, San Carlos Hospital (now Reina Sofía Museum), and the building that houses the Prado Museum.
In 1807, Napoleon got his troops to enter Spain “on the way to Portugal”. Once inside, Bonaparte forced King Ferdinand VII to abdicate and installed his brother, Joseph Bonaparte (nicknamed Pepe Botella), on the throne of Spain.
On May 2, 1808, the citizens of Madrid rebelled, which led to the War of Independence.
In 1814, Spain was liberated and, once again, became the capital of culture.
In 1936, a coup against the Second Republic led to the Spanish Civil War. Madrid, the Republican stronghold, resisted until 1939, but the city was left devastated.
Franco Dictatorship (1939–1975): Repression, conservatism and control for several generations of Spaniards.
80s, the “Movida Madrileña”. A countercultural artistic phenomenon in response to the new period of transition after Franco’s death. In cinema, Pedro Almodóvar was its greatest exponent.
On March 11, 2004, the second most significant terrorist attack in Europe took place. Four trains were detonated on their way to Madrid, leaving 193 victims.

Additional Information About Madrid

Other articles that may be useful to you if you travel to Madrid are:

3-Day Madrid Itinerary. Itinerary with a map to see the most essential things in Madrid in 3 days (by a Madrid native).
Madrid: Practical Guide. It includes all the practical information you need to know about getting there, getting around, where to stay and where to go out.
Madrid: Cuisine and Culture. With the main cultural events of the city and the typical dishes of Madrid cuisine that you must try.
10 Curious Things about Madrid. In case you fancy learning more interesting facts about Madrid.

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